{"id":4230,"date":"2020-05-29T21:13:02","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T21:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/?p=4230"},"modified":"2021-07-23T13:15:24","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T18:15:24","slug":"ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Standard AC motors provide low-cost, low maintenance power for almost any industrial application. However, they have limitations. They run at only one (fixed) speed, meaning sprockets, pulleys or a gearbox are required for speed reduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AC inverter-duty (variable speed) gearmotors feature either 230 VAC or 230\/460 VAC AC 3-phase windings, specifically designed with inverter rated insulation. The special insulation system provides extra protection against high-voltage transients that PWM inverter drives can generate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4308\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/bodine-inverter-duty-gearmotors-for-vfd-applications-05-2020-blog\/\" class=\"wp-image-4308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Most Bodine inverter-duty gearmotor customers use our gearmotors in open-loop velocity control applications, like conveyors, feeders, or metering pumps.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4239\" width=\"266\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-3.png 407w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-3-300x178.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>By converting the incoming 60 Hz AC power to a DC voltage, inverter drives (also called variable frequency drives) allow AC motors to run at variable speeds, and reduce the inrush of current when the motor starts to rotate. The DC voltage is &#8220;chopped&#8221; by power transistors (IGBTs) at high frequencies to simulate a sine wave that is then sent to the motor. Varying the output voltage and frequency of the control changes the speed of the motor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AC Speed Control (VFD) Options<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4237\" width=\"205\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-2.png 301w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Gearmotor-AC-Inverter-VFD-Blog-2-201x300.png 201w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We offer three enclosure types with our AC speed controls. The AC stock controls require minimal set-up and no programming. Most Bodine inverter-duty gearmotor customers use our gearmotors in open-loop velocity control applications, like conveyors, feeders, or metering pumps. We also offer custom OEM solutions where we install encoders and other feedback devices to our inverter duty gearmotors and motors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\/Hz inverters (basic) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the most basic type of drive. V\/Hz drives use a pulse-width-modulation scheme to create an output roughly approximating a sine wave of variable frequency, with its amplitude, or voltage, proportional to set frequency. The speed range on V\/Hz drives is limited and torque is not easily controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flux Vector Drive (open loop)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>If more accurate and precise motion control is required, a Flux Vector Drive can be used, the basic set-up of these drives is &#8220;open-loop&#8221; (without an encoder); benefits are tighter speed control, wider speed range, and typically these digital drives come with advanced features like digital readouts, networking cards, and programming features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vector Drive System (closed loop)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The most accurate and servo-like performance is obtained from a closed loop vector drive system where an encoder feeds shaft position and rotation information back to the VFD. These closed-loop vector drive systems are more costly and complex systems to set up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-and-VFD-set-up-tips-Header.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-and-VFD-set-up-tips-Header.jpg 901w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-and-VFD-set-up-tips-Header-300x31.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-and-VFD-set-up-tips-Header-768x80.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-GB-Hollow-AC-Three-Phase-_blog-2.jpg\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-GB-Hollow-AC-Three-Phase-_blog-2.jpg\" width=\"235\" height=\"160\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Check the Line Frequency (Hz) Setting<\/strong> &#8211; We have seen situations where an inverter-duty gearmotor was running hot because the inverter was not set up properly to match the voltage and frequency ratings of the motor. Bodine inverter-duty gearmotors are rated at 230\/460 V at 60 Hz. The default rating for most motors made for Europe or Asia is 50 Hz. If the inverter is set (or pre-set by the manufacturer) for a motor that is rated for 50 Hz, it will give the gearmotor too much voltage at each frequency setting and can lead to the gearmotor running hotter. <\/li><li><strong>Check the Nameplate Specifications<\/strong> &#8211; Make sure the input voltage to the inverter drive matches the inverter\u2019s and the gearmotor\u2019s voltage ratings and nameplate specifications. Check the user manual for details.<\/li><li><strong>Check the Voltage and Wiring Diagram<\/strong> &#8211; With dual-voltage rated inverter-duty gearmotors or motors with 8-10 motor leads, make sure to use the motor manufacturer\u2019s wiring diagram to properly wire the gearmotor or motor for either 230VAC or 460VAC. Miss-wiring can lead to poor performance, not starting, or to motor or control damage.<\/li><li><strong>Check the Control Settings<\/strong> &#8211; There are many parameters that can be changed in the AC speed control that also affect motor performance and temperature. One example is the Torque Boost setting. At lower speed\/frequency settings an inverter-duty gearmotor may not be able to produce the same torque that it can at a higher speed or frequency. The torque boost setting adjusts the output voltage at lower frequency to help the motor generate more torque at those lower speeds<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Check these control settings before making any connections:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Make sure the HP, voltage, and frequency jumpers match the motor nameplate and power source.<\/li><li>If you are using a GFCI, select the correct jumper for the switching frequency.<\/li><li>Select Constant Torque or Variable Torque depending on the application.<\/li><li>Check the automatic restart setting<\/li><li>Check the Run\/Fault output contact settings and programming<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-FX-AC-Three-Phase-_blog.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4293\" width=\"270\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-FX-AC-Three-Phase-_blog.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-FX-AC-Three-Phase-_blog-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotor-Type-42R-FX-AC-Three-Phase-_blog-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Check the Rated Speed<\/strong> &#8211; Inverter-duty gearmotors will get hot, especially TEFC motors or gearmotors that operate between 10-90Hz. All our inverter-duty gearmotors are designed for continuous duty operation at their rated speed and frequency range (10-90Hz). Check the Safe Operating Area (SOA) graph for the gearmotor\/motor to ensure that the gearmotor operates within its capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To download this blog article as a PDF, please<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/core\/files\/bodineelectric\/uploads\/files\/bodine-vfd-ac-gearmotor-drives-and-setup-tips-07470074A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Copyright <\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bodine Electric Company<\/a><em> \u00a9 05\/2020. All rights reserved.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Standard AC motors provide low-cost, low maintenance power for almost any industrial application. However, they have limitations. They run at only one (fixed) speed, meaning sprockets, pulleys or a gearbox are required for speed reduction. AC inverter-duty (variable speed) gearmotors feature either 230 VAC or 230\/460 VAC AC 3-phase windings, specifically designed with inverter rated<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><a class=\"view_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/\"> VIEW<\/a>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,6,7,9,10],"tags":[149,13,148,147,150,21,152,153,35,155,154,151,90,145,91,146],"class_list":["post-4230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-application-tips","category-custom-solutions","category-engineering-talk","category-gearmotor-basics","category-product-news","category-standard-products","tag-3-phase-gearmotors","tag-ac-gearmotor","tag-ac-inverter-duty-gearmotors-2","tag-ac-inverters","tag-ac-speed-control","tag-bodine-electric-company","tag-conveyors","tag-feeders","tag-gearmotor","tag-inverter-duty-2","tag-metering-pumps","tag-open-loop-velocity-control-applications","tag-variable-frequency-drives","tag-variable-speed-applications","tag-vfd","tag-vfds"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications - Bodine - Gearmotor Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications - Bodine - Gearmotor Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Standard AC motors provide low-cost, low maintenance power for almost any industrial application. However, they have limitations. They run at only one (fixed) speed, meaning sprockets, pulleys or a gearbox are required for speed reduction. AC inverter-duty (variable speed) gearmotors feature either 230 VAC or 230\/460 VAC AC 3-phase windings, specifically designed with inverter rated\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bodine - Gearmotor Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-29T21:13:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-23T18:15:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edmund Glueck\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edmund Glueck\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edmund Glueck\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/10501f44e9d7ebb8c2796452c87f9574\"},\"headline\":\"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-29T21:13:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-23T18:15:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":798,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"3-phase gearmotors\",\"AC Gearmotor\",\"AC Inverter-Duty Gearmotors\",\"AC Inverters\",\"AC Speed Control\",\"Bodine Electric Company\",\"conveyors\",\"feeders\",\"Gearmotor\",\"inverter-duty\",\"metering pumps\",\"open-loop velocity control applications\",\"Variable Frequency Drives\",\"Variable Speed Applications\",\"VFD\",\"VFDs\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Application Tips\",\"Custom Solutions\",\"Engineering Talk\",\"Gearmotor Basics\",\"Product News\",\"Standard Products\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bodine-electric.com\\\/blog\\\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\\\/\",\"name\":\"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications - 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However, they have limitations. They run at only one (fixed) speed, meaning sprockets, pulleys or a gearbox are required for speed reduction. AC inverter-duty (variable speed) gearmotors feature either 230 VAC or 230\/460 VAC AC 3-phase windings, specifically designed with inverter rated","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/","og_site_name":"Bodine - Gearmotor Blog","article_published_time":"2020-05-29T21:13:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-23T18:15:24+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Edmund Glueck","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Edmund Glueck","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/"},"author":{"name":"Edmund Glueck","@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/10501f44e9d7ebb8c2796452c87f9574"},"headline":"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications","datePublished":"2020-05-29T21:13:02+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-23T18:15:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/"},"wordCount":798,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Bodine-Inverter-Duty-Gearmotors-for-VFD-Applications-05-2020-blog-1024x1024.jpg","keywords":["3-phase gearmotors","AC Gearmotor","AC Inverter-Duty Gearmotors","AC Inverters","AC Speed Control","Bodine Electric Company","conveyors","feeders","Gearmotor","inverter-duty","metering pumps","open-loop velocity control applications","Variable Frequency Drives","Variable Speed Applications","VFD","VFDs"],"articleSection":["Application Tips","Custom Solutions","Engineering Talk","Gearmotor Basics","Product News","Standard Products"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bodine-electric.com\/blog\/ac-inverters-vfds-for-variable-speed-applications\/","name":"AC Inverters (VFDs) for Variable Speed Applications - 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